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The Union Pacific Railroad (reporting marks UP, UPP, UPY), legally Union Pacific Railroad Company and simply Union Pacific, is a freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over 32,200 miles (51,800 km) routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans.

4 ft 8. +. 1⁄2 in ( 1,435 mm) standard gauge. Length. 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) Via Rail Canada Inc. ( reporting mark VIA) ( / ˈviːə /; generally shortened to Via Rail or Via; styled corporately as VIA Rail Canada) is a Canadian Crown corporation that is mandated to operate intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

Gemalto was an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, and managed services. Formed in June 2006 by the merger of two companies, Axalto and Gemplus International. Gemalto N.V.'s revenue in 2018 was €2.969 billion.

The Athabasca oil sands first came to the attention of European fur traders in 1719 when Wa-pa-su, a Cree trader, brought a sample of bituminous sands to the Hudson's Bay Company post at York Factory on Hudson Bay where Henry Kelsey was the manager.