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The virtual router then transitions into an unsteady state and an election process is initiated to select the next Primary/Active router from the Secondary/Standby routers. This is fulfilled through the use of multicast packets. Secondary/Standby router(s) are only supposed to send multicast packets during an election process.

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for automatically assigning IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices connected to the network using a client–server architecture.

To do this, a router needs to search the routing information stored in its routing table. The routing table contains network/next hop associations. These associations tell a router that a particular destination can be optimally reached by sending the packet to a specific router that represents the next hop on the way to the final destination.

The Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) is free software for monitoring and measuring the traffic load on network links. It allows the user to see traffic load on a network over time in graphical form.

This router also has a default route configured to a device on an adjacent network, one hop closer to the public network. Examples Single router. The following example shows IP addresses that might be used with an office network that consists of six hosts plus a router. The six hosts addresses are: 192.168.4.3; 192.168.4.4; 192.168.4.5

D channel (delta channel) is a telecommunications term which refers to the ISDN channel in which the control and signalling information is carried.. The bit rate of the D channel of a basic rate interface is 16 kbit/s, whereas it amounts to 64 kbit/s on a primary rate interface.