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Ten vaccines have been approved for emergency or full use by at least one stringent regulatory authority recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO): Pfizer–BioNTech, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Sinopharm BIBP, Moderna, Janssen, CoronaVac, Covaxin, Novavax, Convidecia, and Sanofi–GSK. [1]
A typical vaccine band is composed of three to five players, usually marching abreast of each other. [1] Players use a method called hocketing, whereby each individual blows a single tone rhythmically to create an ostinato motif together. [3] [7] These motifs are usually composed through a process of group improvisation. [7]
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ( INN: tozinameran ), sold under the brand name Comirnaty, [2] [25] is an mRNA -based COVID-19 vaccine developed by the German biotechnology company BioNTech. For its development, BioNTech collaborated with American company Pfizer to carry out clinical trials, logistics, and manufacturing.
The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield [30] and Vaxzevria [1] [31] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for prevention of COVID-19. Developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, [32] [33] [34] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ...
[1] [2] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine ). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in question.
Technology development. In 2005 Ian Tansley of Sure Chill designed an ice-chest vaccine cooler regulated by the density of water. Since water has greatest density at around 4 °C, putting the vaccine chamber at the bottom of a thermo-syphon regulates the temperature at between 2 °C and 8 °C, as long as there is ice and the heat-exchange capacity is not overloaded.
A respiratory syncytial virus vaccine ( RSV vaccine) is a vaccine which prevents infection by respiratory syncytial virus. As of 2021, no licensed vaccine against RSV exists.
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates other specialist care that the patient may need.