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René Descartes (/ d eɪ ˈ k ɑːr t / or UK: / ˈ d eɪ k ɑːr t /; French: [ʁəne dekaʁt] (); Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650: 58 ) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who invented analytic geometry, linking the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra.

The Death of Archimedes (1815) by Thomas Degeorge Archimedes was born c. 287 BC in the seaport city of Syracuse, Sicily, at that time a self-governing colony in Magna Graecia. The date of birth is based on a statement by the Byzantine Greek historian John Tzetzes that Archimedes lived for 75 years before his death in 212 BC.

A Cartesian coordinate system (UK: / k ɑː ˈ t iː zj ə n /, US: / k ɑːr ˈ t i ʒ ə n /) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in the same unit of length.

In physics and mathematics, a sequence of n numbers can specify a location in n-dimensional space.When n = 1, the set of all such locations is called a one-dimensional space.An example of a one-dimensional space is the number line, where the position of each point on it can be described by a single number.

In mathematics. In mathematics, the dimension of an object is, roughly speaking, the number of degrees of freedom of a point that moves on this object. In other words, the dimension is the number of independent parameters or coordinates that are needed for defining the position of a point that is constrained to be on the object.