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802.1X-2001 defines two logical port entities for an authenticated port—the "controlled port" and the "uncontrolled port". The controlled port is manipulated by the 802.1X PAE (Port Access Entity) to allow (in the authorized state) or prevent (in the unauthorized state) network traffic ingress and egress to/from the controlled port.
When EAP is invoked by an 802.1X enabled Network Access Server (NAS) device such as an IEEE 802.11i-2004 Wireless Access Point (WAP), modern EAP methods can provide a secure authentication mechanism and negotiate a secure private key (Pair-wise Master Key, PMK) between the client and NAS which can then be used for a wireless encryption session ...
In all these cases, both the wireless access points (AP) and all clients share the same key. [ 2 ] The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it; some system designs require that such keys be in a particular format.
Piggybacking has become a widespread practice in the 21st century due to the advent of wireless Internet connections and wireless access points.Computer users who either do not have their own connections or who are outside the range of their own might find someone else's by wardriving or luck and use that one.
WEP, in comparison, merely concatenated the initialization vector to the root key, and passed this value to the RC4 routine. This permitted the vast majority of the RC4 based WEP related key attacks. [5] Second, WPA implements a sequence counter to protect against replay attacks. Packets received out of order will be rejected by the access point.
A "soft access point" (soft AP) can be set up on a Wi-Fi adapter using for example Windows' virtual Wi-Fi or Intel's My WiFi. This makes it possible, without the need of a physical Wi-Fi router, to share the wired network access of one computer with wireless clients connected to that soft AP.
Sending the frame from the access point to a station is called a "sanctioned technique to inform a rogue station that they have been disconnected from the network". [1] An attacker can send a deauthentication frame at any time to a wireless access point, with a spoofed address for the victim.
Common physical security access control with a finger print A sailor checks an identification card (ID) before allowing a vehicle to enter a military installation.. In physical security and information security, access control (AC) is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource, while access management describes the process.