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The Emishi (also called Ebisu and Ezo) were a people who lived in parts of northern Honshū in present-day Japan, especially in the Tōhoku region. They resisted the rule of various Japanese emperors for centuries, and were eventually subjugated by the Yamato Empire in the 8th century AD.
The Ainu are an ethnic group who reside in northern Japan, including Hokkaido and the Tōhoku region of Honshu, as well as the land surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk. They have occupied these areas since before the arrival of the modern Yamato and Russians, and have faced assimilation and colonization by them.
Ezo (蝦夷) is the Japanese term for the people and lands to the northeast of Honshu, including Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The word means "the land of the barbarians" and is related to the Ainu people and their language.
The style of pottery created by the Jōmon people is identifiable for its "cord-marked" patterns, hence the name "Jōmon" (縄文, "straw rope pattern").The pottery styles characteristic of the first phases of Jōmon culture used decoration created by impressing cords into the surface of wet clay, and are generally accepted to be among the oldest forms of pottery in East Asia and the world. [9]
Satsumon culture was a partially agricultural culture of northern Honshu and southern Hokkaido from 700 to 1200 CE. It is associated with the Emishi and the Ainu, and may have arisen from the merger of the Yayoi-Kofun and the Jōmon cultures.
Sakanoue no Tamuramaro was a court noble, general and shōgun of the early Heian period of Japan. He subjugated the Emishi people, fought against bandits and oni, and became a legendary hero in folklore.
Kumajiro Uehara, an early explorer of Hokkaido, documented in his book "Ezo Place Names and History": "the Ezo (Ainu) from Niigapu to Shirawoi" as the "Shumunkuru". According to this description, the Pacific coastal area from Niikappu to the area around Shiraoi is the area of residence of the Sumunkur.
It is also called Yezo Fuji or Ezo Fuji (蝦夷富士), "Ezo" being an old name for the island of Hokkaido, because it resembles Mount Fuji. The mountain is also known as Makkari Nupuri ( マッカリヌプリ ) . [ 2 ]