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Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 suite of software.
Question answering. Question answering ( QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions that are posed by humans in a natural language. [1]
Often discussed in tandem with KR-20, is Kuder–Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21). KR-21 is a simplified version of KR-20, which can be used when the difficulty of all items on the test are known to be equal. Like KR-20, KR-21 was first set forth as the twenty-first formula discussed in Kuder and Richardson's 1937 paper.
According to Microsoft, Copilot can assist users with data analysis in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets by formatting data, creating graphs, generating PivotTables, identifying trends, and summarizing information, as well as guiding users using Excel commands and suggesting formulas to investigate user questions.
Price index numbers are usually defined either in terms of (actual or hypothetical) expenditures (expenditure = price * quantity) or as different weighted averages of price relatives ( ). These tell the relative change of the price in question. Two of the most commonly used price index formulae were defined by German economists and ...
The assignment problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem. In its most general form, the problem is as follows: The problem instance has a number of agents and a number of tasks. Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost that may vary depending on the agent-task assignment.
The standard deviation σ of X is defined as which can be shown to equal. Using words, the standard deviation is the square root of the variance of X . The standard deviation of a probability distribution is the same as that of a random variable having that distribution. Not all random variables have a standard deviation.
General tests. Bowker's test of symmetry. Categorical distribution, general model. Chi-squared test. Cochran–Armitage test for trend. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. Correspondence analysis. Cronbach's alpha. Diagnostic odds ratio.
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