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  2. Emishi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emishi

    The Emishi ( 蝦夷) (also called Ebisu and Ezo ), written with Kanji that literally mean " shrimp barbarians ," constituted an ancient ethnic group of people who lived in parts of Honshū, especially in the Tōhoku region, referred to as michi no oku (道の奥, roughly "deepest part of the road") in contemporary sources.

  3. Ainu people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainu_people

    From the mid-Heian period onward, Emishi who did not fall under the governance of the Yamato Kingship were singled out as northern Emishi. They began to be referred to as "Ezo" (Emishi). The first written reference to "Ezo", which is thought to be Ainu, can be found in Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba, which was written in 1356. Indeed, Ainu have lived ...

  4. Hokkaido - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido

    The Emishi were conquered and integrated into the Japanese state dating back as far as the 8th century and as result began to lose their distinctive culture and ethnicity as they became minorities. By the time the Matsumae clan ruled over the Ainu, most of the Emishi were ethnically mixed and physically closer to Japanese than they were to Ainu.

  5. Ezo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezo

    Ezo (蝦夷) or Ezogashima (蝦夷ヶ島) (lit. ' Island of the Ezo ') was divided into several districts. The first was the Wajinchi, or 'Japanese Lands', which covered the Japanese settlements on and around the Oshima Peninsula. The rest of Ezo was known as the Ezochi (蝦夷地) (lit. ' Ezo-land '), or 'Ainu Lands'. Ezochi was in turn ...

  6. Ethnic groups of Japan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Japan

    Ethnic groups of Japan. Among the several native ethnic groups of Japan, the predominant group are the Yamato Japanese, who trace their origins back to the Yayoi period and have held political dominance since the Asuka period. Other historical ethnic groups have included the Ainu, the Ryukyuan people, the Emishi, and the Hayato; some of whom ...

  7. Mongol invasions of Sakhalin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Sakhalin

    Mongol invasions of Sakhalin. From 1264 to 1308, the Mongol Empire (and its successor the Yuan dynasty) made several incursions into the island of Sakhalin off the east coast of Siberia to aid their Nivkh allies against the Ainu, who had been expanding north from Hokkaido.

  8. Demographic history of Japan before the Meiji Restoration

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_history_of...

    Meiji government tried to unify the registered system of Shūmon Ninbetsu Aratame Chō in consonant with that of each other among domains and prefectures into a single registered system of koseki. However population were still surveyed by domains until the Abolition of the han system in 1871. The total population of Japan on July 28, 1870 ...

  9. Ainu languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainu_languages

    Ainu. The Ainu languages ( / ˈaɪnuː / EYE-noo ), [1] sometimes known as Ainuic, are a small language family, often regarded as a language isolate, historically spoken by the Ainu people of northern Japan and neighboring islands. The primary varieties of Ainu are alternately considered a group of closely related languages [2] or divergent ...