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Architect. Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum[1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [2] He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for Fort ...
Description. The Gruen transfer is a psychological phenomenon in which an idealised hyperreality is realized by deliberate reconstruction, providing a sense of safety and calm through exceptional familiarity. [1][2][4] In a speech in London in 1978, Victor Gruen disavowed shopping mall developments as having "bastardised" his ideas: [5][3] "I ...
Lakeside Shopping Center, or simply Lakeside, is a shopping mall located at 3301 Veterans Memorial Boulevard in the New Orleans suburb of Metairie, Louisiana, United States. It opened on March 24, 1960 as the first regional shopping mall in New Orleans and is the largest and busiest mall in Greater New Orleans .
Originally developed by Sheldon Gordon (co-developer of The Forum Shops at Caesars and Beverly Center), the nine-story mall opened in October 1988 as San Francisco Shopping Centre with approximately 500,000 square feet (46,000 m 2) of space, the then-largest Nordstrom store (350,000 square feet (33,000 m 2)) on the top several floors, the first spiral escalator in the United States, and a ...
Fairlane Town Center is a super-regional shopping mall in the Detroit suburb of Dearborn, Michigan. The mall is adjacent to The Henry Hotel, The Fairlane Club, the University of Michigan–Dearborn, Henry Ford Community College, The Henry Ford, and the Ford Motor Company headquarters. The anchor stores are Macy's and JCPenney, with vacant ...
Citadel Outlets, originally Samson Tire and Rubber Factory, built 1929–30. The façade was based on the palace of Assyrian king Sargon II. Parking Lot. Variety of stores including Aerie. The Citadel Outlets are an outlet mall in the City of Commerce, California, along the Santa Ana Freeway southeast of Downtown Los Angeles, which features the ...
Horton Plaza was a five-level outdoor shopping mall in downtown San Diego, California. It was designed by Jon Jerde and was known for its bright colors, architectural tricks, and odd spatial rhythms, occupying 6.5 city blocks adjacent to the city's historic Gaslamp Quarter. Opening in 1985, it was the first successful downtown retail center ...
The International Council of Shopping Centers, based in New York City, classifies two types of shopping centers as malls: regional malls and superregional malls.A regional mall, per the International Council of Shopping Centers, is a shopping mall with 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m 2) to 800,000 sq ft (74,000 m 2) gross leasable area with at least two anchor stores. [8]