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Emishi. The Emishi ( 蝦夷) (also called Ebisu and Ezo ), written with Kanji that literally mean " shrimp barbarians ," constituted an ancient ethnic group of people who lived in parts of Honshū, especially in the Tōhoku region, referred to as michi no oku (道の奥, roughly "deepest part of the road") in contemporary sources.
Terminology. In Japanese, historical warriors are usually referred to as bushi (武士, ), meaning 'warrior', or buke (武家), meaning 'military family'.According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning 'to wait upon', 'accompany persons' in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau.
The word Ezo means "the land of the barbarians" in Japanese. In reference to the people of that region, the same two kanji used to write the word Ezo can also be read Emishi. The descendants of these people are most likely related to the Ainu people of today.
Jōmon people ( 縄文 人, Jōmon jin) is the generic name of the indigenous hunter-gatherer population that lived in the Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period ( c. 14,000 to 300 BC ). They were united through a common Jōmon culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity.
The Emishi may, however, have also included non-Ainu groups, which can either be associated with groups distantly related to the Ainu (Ainu-like groups) but forming their own ethnicity, or early Japonic-speakers outside the influence of the Yamato court. The Emishi display clear material culture links to the Ainu of Hokkaido.
Ainu. The Ainu languages ( / ˈaɪnuː / EYE-noo ), [1] sometimes known as Ainuic, are a small language family, often regarded as a language isolate, historically spoken by the Ainu people of northern Japan and neighboring islands. The primary varieties of Ainu are alternately considered a group of closely related languages [2] or divergent ...
Shogun ( English: / ˈʃoʊɡʌn / SHOH-gun; [1] Japanese: 将軍, romanized : shōgun, pronounced [ɕoːɡɯɴ] ⓘ ), officially sei-i taishōgun (征夷大将軍, " Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians"), [2] was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. [3]
Aterui. Aterui (アテルイ, 阿弖流爲) (died 13 September 802 AD, in the 21 Enryaku era [clarification needed]) was the most prominent chief of the Isawa (胆沢) band of Emishi in northern Japan. [citation needed] The Emishi were an indigenous people of North Japan, who were considered hirsute barbarians by the Yamato Japanese. [citation ...