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  2. Dopamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine

    The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain, [4] and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release. [5]

  3. Effects of nicotine on human brain development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nicotine_on...

    Chronic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation from repeated nicotine exposure can induce strong effects on the brain, including changes in the brain's physiology, that result from the stimulation of regions of the brain associated with reward, pleasure, and anxiety. [59]

  4. Reward - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reward

    Brain stimulation reward, an operant response following electrical stimulation of the brain; Incentive salience, the form of motivational salience which is associated with rewards; Reward dependence, a personality trait in psychology; Reward system, the brain structures and neural pathways that are involved in reward cognition

  5. Pain and pleasure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_and_pleasure

    Not only have Siri Leknes and Irene Tracey, two neuroscientists who study pain and pleasure, concluded that pain and reward processing involve many of the same regions of the brain, but also that the functional relationship lies in that pain decreases pleasure and rewards increase analgesia, which is the relief from pain. [8]

  6. Neurostimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurostimulation

    The primary works were on the reward center of the brain in which stimulation of those structures led to pleasure that requested more stimulation. Another most recent example is the electrical stimulation of the MT area of primary visual cortex to bias perception.

  7. Medial forebrain bundle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_forebrain_bundle

    It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. [4] Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans ...

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