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APL (named after the book A Programming Language) [ 3 ] is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols [ 4 ] to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code.
These symbols were originally devised as a mathematical notation to describe algorithms. [1] APL programmers often assign informal names when discussing functions and operators (for example, "product" for ×/) but the core functions and operators provided by the language are denoted by non-textual symbols.
Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920 – 19 October 2004) was a Canadian computer scientist noted for the development of the programming language APL.He was honored with the Turing Award in 1979 "for his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL; for his contributions to the implementation of interactive ...
Guile. Emacs Lisp. JavaScript and some dialects, e.g., JScript. Lua (embedded in many games) OpenCL (extension of C and C++ to use the GPU and parallel extensions of the CPU) OptimJ (extension of Java with language support for writing optimization models and powerful abstractions for bulk data processing) Perl.
Digital encoding of APL symbols. The programming language APL uses a number of symbols, rather than words from natural language, to identify operations, similarly to mathematical symbols. Prior to the wide adoption of Unicode, a number of special-purpose EBCDIC and non-EBCDIC code pages were used to represent the symbols required for writing APL.
The A+ language implements the following changes to the APL language: an A+ function may have up to nine formal parameters; A+ code statements are separated by semicolons, so a single statement may be divided into two or more physical lines; The explicit result of a function or operator is the result of the last statement executed
These include APL, J, Fortran, MATLAB, Analytica, Octave, R, Cilk Plus, Julia, Perl Data Language (PDL). In these languages, an operation that operates on entire arrays can be called a vectorized operation, [1] regardless of whether it is executed on a vector processor, which implements vector instructions. Array programming primitives ...
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