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Victor Gruen. Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum [1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [2] He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for ...
The Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, the largest mall in the United States. The interior of Garden State Plaza megamall in Paramus, Bergen County, New Jersey, the borough with the world's highest concentration of shopping malls. A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores.
Gruen transfer. In shopping mall design, the Gruen transfer (also known as the Gruen effect) is the moment when consumers enter a shopping mall or store and, surrounded by an intentionally confusing layout, lose track of their original intentions, making them more susceptible to making impulse buys. It is named after Austrian architect Victor ...
Horton Plaza was a five-level outdoor shopping mall in downtown San Diego. It was designed by Jon Jerde and was known for its bright colors, architectural tricks, and odd spatial rhythms, occupying 6.5 city blocks adjacent to the city's historic Gaslamp Quarter. Opening in 1985, it was the first successful downtown retail center since the rise ...
The Shops at Tanforan is a regional shopping mall in San Bruno, California, United States. It is located on the San Francisco Peninsula, 10 miles (16 km) south of San Francisco city limits. The site was originally used as a horse racing track from 1899 until 1964, when the grandstand was destroyed by fire. During World War II the track was used ...
Great Mall of the Bay Area – Milpitas (1994–present) Grossmont Center – La Mesa (1961–present, outdoor) The Grove at Farmers Market – Los Angeles (2002–present, outdoor) Hawthorne Plaza Shopping Center – Hawthorne (1977–1999) Hemet Valley Mall – Hemet (1980–present)
More recent shopping dedicated areas outside the main centre are known as "shopping centres" (with understanding of the synonym shopping mall) "shopping villages" or "retail parks". According to author Richard Longstreth, before the 1920s–1930s, the term "shopping center" in the U.S. was loosely applied to any group of adjacent retail businesses.
CentralWorld ( Thai: เซ็นทรัลเวิลด์, styled as centralwOrld) is a shopping plaza and complex in Bangkok, Thailand. [5] It is the ninth largest shopping complex in the world. The complex, which includes a hotel and office tower, is owned by the company Central Pattana.