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Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made structures. Structural engineers also must understand and calculate the stability, strength, rigidity and earthquake-susceptibility of built structures for ...
Project delivery method. Project delivery methods defines the characteristics of how a construction project is designed and built and the responsibilities of the parties involved in the construction (owner, designer and contractor). [1] They are used by a construction manager who is working as an agent to the owner or by the owner itself to ...
An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. [1] Organizational structure affects organizational action and provides the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest. It determines which individuals get ...
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, [2] is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other human-made structures. Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. [3]
Construction is a general term meaning the art and science of forming objects, systems, or organizations. [ 1 ] It comes from the Latin word constructio (from com- "together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. [ 2 ] To 'construct' is a verb: the act of building, and the noun is construction: how something is built or the ...
Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs. Structural integrity is the ability of an item—either a ...
In other types of construction projects, arbitrary "plan north" reference lines may be established, using Cartesian coordinates that may or may not necessarily correspond to true coordinates. The technique is called localized grid. This method uses the plan building grids as their own ordinates.
The term structural system or structural frame in structural engineering refers to the load -resisting sub-system of a building or object. The structural system transfers loads through interconnected elements or members. Commonly used structures can be classified into five major categories, depending on the type of primary stress that may arise ...