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Pure play method. In finance, the "pure play method" is an approach used to estimate the cost of equity capital of private companies, which involves examining the beta coefficient of other public and single focused companies. [2] See also Hamada's equation. Here, when estimating a private company A's equity beta coefficient, the equity beta ...
Newton's method in optimization. A comparison of gradient descent (green) and Newton's method (red) for minimizing a function (with small step sizes). Newton's method uses curvature information (i.e. the second derivative) to take a more direct route. In calculus, Newton's method (also called Newton–Raphson) is an iterative method for finding ...
The rating of best Go-playing programs on the KGS server since 2007. Since 2006, all the best programs use Monte Carlo tree search. [14]In 2006, inspired by these predecessors, [15] Rémi Coulom described the application of the Monte Carlo method to game-tree search and coined the name Monte Carlo tree search, [16] L. Kocsis and Cs.
In the matching pennies game, player A loses a point to B if A and B play the same strategy and wins a point from B if they play different strategies. To compute the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium, assign A the probability p {\displaystyle p} of playing H and ( 1 − p ) {\displaystyle (1-p)} of playing T, and assign B the probability q ...
Viscosity models for mixtures. The shear viscosity (or viscosity, in short) of a fluid is a material property that describes the friction between internal neighboring fluid surfaces (or sheets) flowing with different fluid velocities. This friction is the effect of (linear) momentum exchange caused by molecules with sufficient energy to move ...
Zero-sum game. Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two competing entities, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. [1] In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net ...
Strategy (game theory) In game theory, a move, action, or play is any one of the options which a player can choose in a setting where the optimal outcome depends not only on their own actions but on the actions of others. [1] The discipline mainly concerns the action of a player in a game affecting the behavior or actions of other players.
Much of early childhood learning is rooted in play, Rice said. “Over the past 30 years, we’ve kind of gotten away from that,” Rice said. “We’ve thought more about academics, academics ...