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In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. A statistical population can be a group of existing objects (e.g. the set of all stars within the Milky Way galaxy) or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience (e.g. the set of all possible hands in a game of poker).
Statistical theory. The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. [1] [2] The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy the basic ...
t. e. Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying distribution of probability. [1] Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.
Sampling (statistics) In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole population and statisticians ...
Asymptotic theory (statistics) In statistics, asymptotic theory, or large sample theory, is a framework for assessing properties of estimators and statistical tests. Within this framework, it is often assumed that the sample size n may grow indefinitely; the properties of estimators and tests are then evaluated under the limit of n → ∞.
Statistical model. A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population ). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. [1]
Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data, [9] or as a branch of mathematics. [10] Some consider statistics to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics. While many scientific investigations make use of data ...
Statistics, in the modern sense of the word, began evolving in the 18th century in response to the novel needs of industrializing sovereign states . In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states, particularly demographics such as population. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types ...