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An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application-layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a mobile network. [1][2] It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support address and port ...
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Session Initiation Protocol. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating communication sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications. [1] SIP is used in Internet telephony, in private IP telephone systems, as well as mobile phone calling over LTE (VoLTE).
Back-to-back user agent. A back-to-back user agent (B2BUA) is a logical network element in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) applications. [1] SIP is a signaling protocol for managing multimedia Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls. A back-to-back user agent operates between both end points of a communications session and divides ...
NAT traversal. Network address translation traversal is a computer networking technique of establishing and maintaining Internet Protocol connections across gateways that implement network address translation (NAT). NAT traversal techniques are required for many network applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and voice over IP. [1]
SIP requests and responses may be generated by any SIP user agent; user agents are divided into clients (UACs), which initiate requests, and servers (UASes), which respond to them. [ 1 ] : §8 A single user agent may act as both UAC and UAS for different transactions: [ 1 ] : p26 for example, a SIP phone is a user agent that will be a UAC when ...
Application Layer Gateway (ALG) software or hardware may correct these problems. An ALG software module running on a NAT firewall device updates any payload data made invalid by address translation. ALGs need to understand the higher-layer protocol that they need to fix, and so each protocol with this problem requires a separate ALG.
Session border controller. A session border controller (SBC) is a network element deployed to protect SIP based voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) networks. Early deployments of SBCs were focused on the borders between two service provider networks in a peering environment. This role has now expanded to include significant deployments between ...