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File inclusion vulnerability. A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time. This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which ...
Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228) is a zero-day vulnerability in Log4j, a popular Java logging framework, involving arbitrary code execution. [2] [3] The vulnerability had existed unnoticed since 2013 and was privately disclosed to the Apache Software Foundation, of which Log4j is a project, by Chen Zhaojun of Alibaba Cloud's security team on 24 November 2021.
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) is a dictionary of common names (i.e., CVE Identifiers) for publicly known information security vulnerabilities. CVE's common identifiers make it easier to share data across separate network security databases and tools, and provide a baseline for evaluating the coverage of an organization's security ...
ATT&CK Matrix for Enterprise. The ATT&CK Matrix for Enterprise is a comprehensive framework that is presented as a kanban board -style diagram. [4] It defines 14 categories of tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) used by cybercriminals with the associated techniques and sub-techniques. Category. Description.
A directory traversal (or path traversal) attack exploits insufficient security validation or sanitization of user-supplied file names, such that characters representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the operating system's file system API. An affected application can be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the file ...
A web shell is a shell-like interface that enables a web server to be remotely accessed, often for the purposes of cyberattacks. [1] A web shell is unique in that a web browser is used to interact with it. [2][3] A web shell could be programmed in any programming language that is supported on a server. Web shells are most commonly written in ...
China Chopper is a web shell approximately 4 kilobytes in size, first discovered in 2012. This web shell is commonly used by malicious Chinese actors, including advanced persistent threat (APT) groups, to remotely control web servers. This web shell has two parts, the client interface (an executable file) and the receiver host file on the ...
On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...