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The formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information theory, systems theory, decision theory, statistics . Unlike other branches, the formal sciences are not concerned with the validity of theories based on observations in the real world ...
Cartography ( / kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi /; from Ancient Greek: χάρτης chartēs, 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and γράφειν graphein, 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways ...
Historian of Philosophy and Science Stephen Gaukroger (1950–2023) was a British historian of philosophy and science who spent the majority of his academic career in Australia. [1] Gaukroger was Emeritus Professor of History of Philosophy and History of Science at the University of Sydney .
Cartesian coordinate system with a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin marked in red. The equation of a circle is (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 where a and b are the coordinates of the center (a, b) and r is the radius. Cartesian coordinates are named for René Descartes, whose invention of them in the 17th century revolutionized ...
Andreas Cellarius 's illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica. Heliocentrism [a] (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the ...
In geometry, a cube [a] is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets, or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner, it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross. [1] The cube is the only regular hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids.
Poincaré's work on the three-body problem was the first discovered example of a chaotic dynamical system. Cartwright made the first mathematical analysis of dynamical systems with chaos. Lorenz introduced strange attractor notation. Cybernetics: Norbert Wiener: Book Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 1948.
The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System. This revolution consisted of two phases; the first being extremely mathematical in nature and the ...