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  2. Checked and free vowels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checked_and_free_vowels

    In spelling free and checked vowels are often called long and short, based on their historical pronunciation, though nowadays some or all of the free vowels are diphthongs, depending on the dialect, not long vowels as such. Written consonant doubling often shows the vowel is checked; the i of dinner corresponds to checked / ɪ / because of the ...

  3. Fortis and lenis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis

    In linguistics, fortis and lenis ( / ˈfɔːrtɪs / FOR-tiss and / ˈliːnɪs, ˈlɛnɪs / LEE-niss, LEN-iss; [1] Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with 'tense' and 'lax', are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy, respectively. English has fortis consonants, such as the p in pat, with a ...

  4. Diphthong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong

    American English pronunciation of "no highway cowboys" /noʊ ˈhaɪweɪ ˈkaʊbɔɪz/, showing five diphthongs: / oʊ, aɪ, eɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ / A diphthong (/ ˈ d ɪ f θ ɒ ŋ, ˈ d ɪ p-/ DIF-thong, DIP-; from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos) 'two sounds', from δίς (dís) 'twice', and φθόγγος (phthóngos) 'sound'), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two ...

  5. Salmon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon

    The unpronounced "l" absent from Middle English was later added as a Latinisation to make the word closer to its Latin root. The term salmon has mostly displaced its now dialectal synonym lax, in turn from Middle English: lax, from Old English: leax, from Proto-Germanic: *lahsaz from Proto-Indo-European: *lakso-. Species

  6. Near-close near-back rounded vowel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-back...

    The near-close near-back rounded vowel, or near-high near-back rounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The IPA symbol that represents this sound is ʊ . It is informally called "horseshoe u". Prior to 1989, there was an alternative IPA symbol for this sound, ɷ , called "closed omega "; use of this symbol is ...

  7. Advanced and retracted tongue root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_and_retracted...

    418. In phonetics, advanced tongue root ( ATR) and retracted tongue root ( RTR) are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowels in some languages, especially in Western and Eastern Africa, but also in Kazakh and Mongolian. ATR vs RTR was once suggested to be the basis for the distinction between tense and lax ...

  8. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system.

  9. Mid central vowel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel

    The mid central vowel (also known as schwa) is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ə , a rotated lowercase letter e, which is called a "schwa". While the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association does not define the roundedness of [ə ...