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  2. Substantial form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantial_form

    Substantial form is a central philosophical concept in Aristotelianism and, afterwards, in Scholasticism.The form is the idea, existent or embodied in a being, that completes or actualizes the potentiality latent in the matter composing the being itself.

  3. Infallibilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibilism

    In philosophy, infallibilism (sometimes called "epistemic infallibilism") is the view that knowing the truth of a proposition is incompatible with there being any possibility that the proposition could be false.

  4. Atomism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism

    René Descartes' (1596–1650) "mechanical" philosophy of corpuscularism had much in common with atomism, and is considered, in some senses, to be a different version of it. Descartes thought everything physical in the universe to be made of tiny vortices of matter. Like the ancient atomists, Descartes claimed that sensations, such as taste or ...

  5. The Search for Truth by Natural Light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Search_for_Truth_by...

    The Search for Truth by Natural Light [1] (La recherche de la vérité par la lumière naturelle) is an unfinished philosophical dialogue by René Descartes “set in the courtly culture of the ‘ honnête homme ’ and ‘ curiosité ’.” [2] It was written in French (presumably after the Meditations was completed [3]) but first published (Amsterdam, 1684) in Dutch translation in a ...

  6. Causal adequacy principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_adequacy_principle

    In his meditations, Descartes uses the CAP to support his trademark argument for the existence of God. [2]: 430 Descartes' assertions were disputed by Thomas Hobbes in his "Third Set of Objections" published in 1641. [3]: 379 René Descartes was not the founder of this philosophical claim.

  7. First principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_principle

    In philosophy and science, a first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. First principles in philosophy are from first cause [1] attitudes and taught by Aristotelians, and nuanced versions of first principles are referred to as postulates by Kantians.

  8. French philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_philosophy

    French philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in the French language, has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard, through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.

  9. Archimedean point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean_point

    An Archimedean point (Latin: Punctum Archimedis) is a hypothetical viewpoint from which certain objective truths can perfectly be perceived (also known as a God's-eye view) or a reliable starting point from which one may reason.