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The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties. [54] It is the state mineral of Connecticut, [55] New York's gemstone, [56] and star garnet (garnet with rutile asterisms) is the state gemstone of Idaho. [57]
Cullinan Diamond. The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, [2] weighing 3,106 carats (621.20 g), discovered at the Premier No.2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the owner of the mine. In April 1905, it was put on sale in London, but despite considerable ...
Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.
Gemological Institute of America (GIA) The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the ...
Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...
Gemstone irradiation. Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [1] As a result, the gemstone's color may ...
GEMS Education, founded as Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators, [ 1 ] and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the Middle East and North Africa , and also has schools in Asia , Europe , and North America . [ 1 ]
Lab-grown diamonds of various colors grown by the high-pressure-and-temperature technique. Laboratory-grown (LGD), also called lab-grown diamond, [1] laboratory-created, man-made, artisan-created, artificial, synthetic, or cultured diamond, is diamond that is produced in a controlled technological process (in contrast to naturally formed diamond, which is created through geological processes ...