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This was the original definition of Sørensen in 1909, [18] which was superseded in favor of pH in 1924. [H] is the concentration of hydrogen ions, denoted [ H + ] in modern chemistry. More correctly, the thermodynamic activity of H + in dilute solution should be replaced by [ H + ]/c 0 , where the standard state concentration c 0 = 1 mol/L.
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent. [1] Broadly speaking, it can refer either to a chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, or to a surface on which other chemical reactions or microscopy are performed. In the former sense, a reagent is added to the substrate to generate a product through a chemical ...
To understand the formation and properties of such dispersions (incl emulsions), it must be considered that the dispersed phase exhibits a "surface", which is covered ("wet") by a different "surface" that, hence, are forming an interface (chemistry). Both surfaces have to be created (which requires a huge amount of energy), and the interfacial ...
Corpuscularianism is similar to the theory of atomism, except that where atoms were supposed to be indivisible, corpuscles could in principle be divided.In this manner, for example, it was theorized that mercury could penetrate into metals and modify their inner structure, a step on the way towards the production of gold by transmutation.
The adjective Cartesian refers to the French mathematician and philosopher René Descartes, who published this idea in 1637 while he was resident in the Netherlands.It was independently discovered by Pierre de Fermat, who also worked in three dimensions, although Fermat did not publish the discovery. [1]
The branch of chemistry which studies and makes use of instruments and methods to separate, quantify, and identify chemical substances, both by classical wet chemistry techniques such as precipitation, extraction, distillation, and observational analysis, and by modern instrumental techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and ...
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
Descartes believed that the mind was non-physical and permeated the entire body, but that the mind and body interacted via the pineal gland. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] This theory has changed throughout the years, and in the 20th century its main adherents were the philosopher of science Karl Popper and the neurophysiologist John Carew Eccles .