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Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. [1] Under nitrogen -limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. [2] This process has evolved multiple times within the legumes, as well as in ...
The olm ( Proteus anguinus ), a typical cave dwelling chordate, endemic of Dinaric Alps. Subterranean fauna refers to animal species that are adapted to live in an underground environment. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna. Both are associated with hypogeal habitats – troglofauna is associated with terrestrial ...
Arbuscular mycorrhiza. An arbuscular mycorrhiza ( AM) (plural mycorrhizae) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus ( AM fungi, or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming arbuscules. Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a type of endomycorrhiza along with ericoid mycorrhiza and orchid mycorrhiza (not to be ...
Rhizobia are a "group of soil bacteria that infect the roots of legumes to form root nodules ". [2] Rhizobia are found in the soil and, after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N 2) from the atmosphere, turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen. From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules ...
Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the three most economically damaging genera of plant-parasitic nematodes on horticultural and field crops. Root-knot nematodes are distributed worldwide, and are obligate parasites of the roots of thousands of plant species, including monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous, herbaceous and woody ...
Plant stem. This above-ground stem of Polygonum has lost its leaves, but is producing adventitious roots from the nodes. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and ...
Upright Sigillaria in dipping beds of Pennsylvanian Llewellyn Formation in Bear Valley Strip Mine, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. A polystrate fossil is a fossil of a single organism (such as a tree trunk) that extends through more than one geological stratum. [1] The word polystrate is not a standard geological term.
Underground stems are modified plant parts that derive from stem tissue but exist under the soil surface. [1] They function as storage tissues for food and nutrients, facilitate the propagation of new clones, and aid in perennation (survival from one growing season to the next). [2] Types of underground stems include bulbs, corms, rhizomes ...