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Index calculus algorithm. In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms . Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves.
The π -calculus belongs to the family of process calculi, mathematical formalisms for describing and analyzing properties of concurrent computation. In fact, the π -calculus, like the λ-calculus, is so minimal that it does not contain primitives such as numbers, booleans, data structures, variables, functions, or even the usual control flow ...
Calculus (dental) Heavy staining and calculus deposits exhibited on the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth, along the gumline. Calculus deposit (indicated with a red arrow) on x-ray image. In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival ...
Ricci calculus. In mathematics, Ricci calculus constitutes the rules of index notation and manipulation for tensors and tensor fields on a differentiable manifold, with or without a metric tensor or connection. [a] [1] [2] [3] It is also the modern name for what used to be called the absolute differential calculus (the foundation of tensor ...
Church encoding. In mathematics, Church encoding is a means of representing data and operators in the lambda calculus. The Church numerals are a representation of the natural numbers using lambda notation. The method is named for Alonzo Church, who first encoded data in the lambda calculus this way.
This is a summary of differentiation rules, that is, rules for computing the derivative of a function in calculus. Elementary rules of differentiation [ edit ] Unless otherwise stated, all functions are functions of real numbers ( R ) that return real values; although more generally, the formulae below apply wherever they are well defined [1 ...
Calculus. In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. [1] It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus —the study of the area beneath a curve. [2]
Exterior derivative in vector calculus. Most vector calculus operators are special cases of, or have close relationships to, the notion of exterior differentiation. Gradient. A smooth function f : M → ℝ on a real differentiable manifold M is a 0-form. The exterior derivative of this 0-form is the 1-form df.
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