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HyperPhysics is an educational website about physics topics. The information architecture of the website is based on HyperCard , the platform on which the material was originally developed, [1] [2] and a thesaurus organization, with thousands of controlled links and usual trees organizing topics from general to specific.
In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, or KM matrix is a unitary matrix which contains information on the strength of the flavour -changing weak interaction. Technically, it specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate freely and when they ...
In physics, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer ( BCS) theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's 1911 discovery. The theory describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of Cooper pairs.
The Fraunhofer diffraction equation is a simplified version of Kirchhoff's diffraction formula and it can be used to model light diffraction when both a light source and a viewing plane (a plane of observation where the diffracted wave is observed) are effectively infinitely distant from a diffracting aperture. [6]
Scientists. v. t. e. Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics .
Canonical commutation rule for position q and momentum p variables of a particle, 1927. pq − qp = h / (2 πi ). Uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, 1927. The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which ...
Hyper–Rayleigh scattering optical activity ( / ˈreɪli / RAY-lee ), a form of chiroptical harmonic scattering, is a nonlinear optical physical effect whereby chiral scatterers (such as nanoparticles or molecules) convert light (or other electromagnetic radiation) to higher frequencies via harmonic generation processes, in a way that the ...
Physics is also called " the fundamental science" because all branches of natural science like chemistry, astronomy, geology, and biology are constrained by laws of physics. [60] Similarly, chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in linking the physical sciences.