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Parkinson's disease ( PD ), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor system and non-motor systems. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease progresses, non-motor symptoms become more common. Usual symptoms are tremor, slowness of movement ...
Parkinson's disease starts as a movement disorder, but progresses in most cases to include dementia and changes in mood and behavior. [6] The signs, symptoms and cognitive profile of PDD are similar to those of DLB; [2] DLB and PDD are clinically similar after dementia occurs in Parkinson's disease. [5] Parkinson's disease is a risk factor for ...
Parkinson-plus syndromes ( PPS) are a group of neurodegenerative [1] diseases featuring the classical features of Parkinson's disease ( tremor, rigidity, akinesia / bradykinesia, and postural instability) with additional features that distinguish them from simple idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson-plus syndromes are either inherited ...
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a form of dyskinesia associated with levodopa (l-DOPA), used to treat Parkinson's disease. It often involves hyperkinetic movements, including chorea, dystonia, and athetosis. In the context of Parkinson's disease (PD), dyskinesia is often the result of long-term dopamine therapy.
Multiple system atrophy ( MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder [1] characterized by tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism ), autonomic dysfunction and ataxia. This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia ...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease that progresses over time and is marked by bradykinesia, tremor, and stiffness. As the condition worsens, some patients may also experience postural instability. [1] Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily caused by the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the region ...
A neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, in the process known as neurodegeneration. Such neuronal damage may ultimately involve cell death. Neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease ...
Neurology. Synucleinopathies (also called α-Synucleinopathies) are neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells. [1] There are three main types of synucleinopathy: Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple ...