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Emishi. The Emishi ( 蝦夷) (also called Ebisu and Ezo ), written with Kanji that literally mean " shrimp barbarians ," constituted an ancient ethnic group of people who lived in parts of Honshū, especially in the Tōhoku region, referred to as michi no oku (道の奥, roughly "deepest part of the road") in contemporary sources.
The Emishi may, however, have also included non-Ainu groups, which can either be associated with groups distantly related to the Ainu (Ainu-like groups) but forming their own ethnicity, or early Japonic-speakers outside the influence of the Yamato court. The Emishi display clear material culture links to the Ainu of Hokkaido.
Jōmon people ( 縄文 人, Jōmon jin) is the generic name of the indigenous hunter-gatherer population that lived in the Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period ( c. 14,000 to 300 BC ). They were united through a common Jōmon culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity.
Ethnic groups of Japan. Among the several native ethnic groups of Japan, the predominant group are the Yamato Japanese, who trace their origins back to the Yayoi period and have held political dominance since the Asuka period. Other historical ethnic groups have included the Ainu, the Ryukyuan people, the Emishi, and the Hayato; some of whom ...
Aterui. Aterui (アテルイ, 阿弖流爲) (died 13 September 802 AD, in the 21 Enryaku era [clarification needed]) was the most prominent chief of the Isawa (胆沢) band of Emishi in northern Japan. [citation needed] The Emishi were an indigenous people of North Japan, who were considered hirsute barbarians by the Yamato Japanese. [citation ...
Satsumon culture. The Satsumon culture (擦文文化, Satsumon Bunka, lit. "brushed pattern") is a partially agricultural, archeological culture of northern Honshu and southern Hokkaido (700–1200 CE) that has been identified as Emishi, as a Japanese -Emishi mixed culture, as the incipient modern Ainu, or with all three synonymously. [1]
Ainu. The Ainu languages ( / ˈaɪnuː / EYE-noo ), [1] sometimes known as Ainuic, are a small language family, often regarded as a language isolate, historically spoken by the Ainu people of northern Japan and neighboring islands. The primary varieties of Ainu are alternately considered a group of closely related languages [2] or divergent ...
In 802, seii tai-shōgun Sakanoue no Tamuramaro subjugated the Emishi people, who were led by Aterui. By 1051, members of the Abe clan, who occupied key posts in the regional government, were openly defying the central authority. The court requested the Minamoto clan to engage the Abe clan, whom they defeated in the Former Nine Years' War.