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  2. Index Librorum Prohibitorum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum

    The Index, it said, retains its moral force "inasmuch as" (quatenus) it teaches the conscience of Christians to beware, as required by the natural law itself, of writings that can endanger faith and morals, but it (the Index of Forbidden Books) no longer has the force of ecclesiastical law with the associated censures. [45]

  3. Cartesian doubt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_doubt

    Cartesian doubt is a form of methodological skepticism associated with the writings and methodology of René Descartes (March 31, 1596–February 11, 1650). [1] [2]: 88 Cartesian doubt is also known as Cartesian skepticism, methodic doubt, methodological skepticism, universal doubt, systematic doubt, or hyperbolic doubt.

  4. The World (book) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_(book)

    Descartes' Le Monde, 1664 The World, also called Treatise on the Light (French title: Traité du monde et de la lumière), is a book by René Descartes (1596–1650). Written between 1629 and 1633, it contains a nearly complete version of his philosophy, from method, to metaphysics, to physics and biology.

  5. Mind–body dualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind–body_dualism

    In the philosophy of mind, mind–body dualism denotes either the view that mental phenomena are non-physical, [1] or that the mind and body are distinct and separable. [2] Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, as well as between subject and object, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism and enactivism, in the mind–body problem.

  6. Renaissance philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_philosophy

    The designation "Renaissance philosophy" is used by historians of philosophy to refer to the thought of the period running in Europe roughly between 1400 and 1600. [1]It therefore overlaps both with late medieval philosophy, which in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was influenced by notable figures such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham, and Marsilius of Padua, and ...

  7. Foundationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundationalism

    Foundationalism is an attempt to respond to the regress problem of justification in epistemology. According to this argument, every proposition requires justification to support it, but any justification also needs to be justified itself.

  8. Ethics of eating meat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat

    Various types of meat. Conversations regarding the ethics of eating meat are focused on whether or not it is moral to eat non-human animals.Ultimately, this is a debate that has been ongoing for millennia, and it remains one of the most prominent topics in food ethics. [1]

  9. Critique of Pure Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason

    The logical subject is a mere idea, not a real substance. Unlike Descartes, who believes that the soul may be known directly through reason, Kant asserts that no such thing is possible. Descartes declares cogito ergo sum, but Kant denies that any knowledge of "I" may be possible. "I" is only the background of the field of apperception and as ...