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  2. René Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes

    Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent, being the namesake of the Cartesian coordinate system. He is credited as the father of analytic geometry—used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis.

  3. Folium of Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folium_of_Descartes

    The curve was first proposed and studied by René Descartes in 1638. [1] Its claim to fame lies in an incident in the development of calculus.Descartes challenged Pierre de Fermat to find the tangent line to the curve at an arbitrary point since Fermat had recently discovered a method for finding tangent lines.

  4. History of calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_calculus

    History of calculus. Calculus, originally called infinitesimal calculus, is a mathematical discipline focused on limits, continuity, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. Many elements of calculus appeared in ancient Greece, then in China and the Middle East, and still later again in medieval Europe and in India.

  5. Analytic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_geometry

    v. t. e. In mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry. Analytic geometry is used in physics and engineering, and also in aviation, rocketry, space science, and spaceflight. It is the foundation of most modern ...

  6. Cartesian coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

    Cartesian coordinate system with a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin marked in red. The equation of a circle is (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 where a and b are the coordinates of the center (a, b) and r is the radius. Cartesian coordinates are named for René Descartes, whose invention of them in the 17th century revolutionized ...

  7. History of geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_geometry

    The first and most important was the creation of analytic geometry, or geometry with coordinates and equations, by René Descartes (1596–1650) and Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665). This was a necessary precursor to the development of calculus and a precise quantitative science of physics.

  8. Imaginary number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number

    Imaginary number. An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the imaginary unit i, [note 1] which is defined by its property i2 = −1. [1][2] The square of an imaginary number bi is −b2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25. The number zero is considered to be both real and imaginary.

  9. Mathesis universalis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathesis_universalis

    Mathesis universalis (from Greek: μάθησις, mathesis "science or learning", and Latin: universalis "universal") is a hypothetical universal science modelled on mathematics envisaged by Descartes and Leibniz, among a number of other 16th- and 17th-century philosophers and mathematicians. For Leibniz, it would be supported by a calculus ...

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