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A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID‑19 ). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing ...
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Comirnaty, [2] [32] is an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by the German biotechnology company BioNTech. For its development, BioNTech collaborated with the American company Pfizer to carry out clinical trials, logistics, and manufacturing. [44] [45] It is authorized for use ...
The Moderna COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Spikevax, is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by the American company Moderna, the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). Depending on the jurisdiction, it is authorized for use in ...
e. The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield [31] and Vaxzevria [1] [32] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, [33] [34] [35] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee ...
Medical uses. The Janssen COVID‑19 vaccine is used to provide protection against infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in order to prevent COVID‑19 in people aged eighteen years and older. [37] [1] The vaccine is given by intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle. The initial course consists of a single dose.
v. t. e. Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease.
Vaccine production has several stages. First, the antigen itself is generated. Viruses are grown either on primary cells such as chicken eggs (e.g., for influenza) or on continuous cell lines such as cultured human cells (e.g., for hepatitis A). Bacteria are grown in bioreactors (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae type b). Likewise, a recombinant ...
On October 26, 2021 The World Health Organization launched a Global Covid-19 Trial termed as the Solidarity Trial Vaccines. Inovio INO-4800 was chosen as the first DNA Vaccine to be introduced in the largest vaccine trial in history. The Countries of Colombia, Mali and the Philippines announced participation with many other countries yet to be ...