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A popular example of such usage of the term in distributed applications, as well as permanent virtual circuits, is the organization of nodes in peer-to-peer (P2P) services and networks. P2P networks usually implement overlay networks running over an underlying physical or logical network. These overlay networks may implement certain ...
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network in which interconnected nodes ("peers") share resources amongst each other without the use of a centralized administrative system. A network based on the client–server model, where individual clients request services and resources from centralized servers. Peer-to-peer ( P2P) computing or networking is a ...
Software-defined networking ( SDN) is an approach to network management that enables dynamic and programmatically efficient network configuration to improve network performance and monitoring in a manner more akin to cloud computing than to traditional network management. [1] SDN is meant to improve the static architecture of traditional ...
Multitier architecture. In software engineering, multitier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing and data management functions are physically separated. The most widespread use of multitier architecture is the three-tier architecture .
A computer network diagram of clients communicating with a server via the Internet. The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. [1] Often clients and servers communicate over a computer ...
Other examples of software are Microsoft Network Software for File and Printer Sharing and Unix/Linux Network File System Client for access to shared file resources. Application-layer functions typically include file sharing, message handling, and database access, through the most common protocols at the application layer, known as HTTP, FTP ...
Examples of this architecture include BitTorrent and the bitcoin network. Another basic aspect of distributed computing architecture is the method of communicating and coordinating work among concurrent processes. Through various message passing protocols, processes may communicate directly with one another, typically in a main/sub relationship.
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. [2] Although both models use the same term for their respective highest ...