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Victor Gruen. Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum [1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [2] He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for ...
The Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, the largest mall in the United States. The interior of Garden State Plaza megamall in Paramus, Bergen County, New Jersey, the borough with the world's highest concentration of shopping malls. A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores.
Southdale Center is a shopping mall located in Edina, Minnesota, a suburb of the Twin Cities. It opened in 1956 and is both the first [3] and the oldest fully enclosed, climate-controlled [4] shopping mall in the United States. [5] Southdale Center has 1,297,608 square feet (120,551.7 m 2; 29.7890 acres; 12.05517 ha) of leasable retail space ...
More recent shopping dedicated areas outside the main centre are known as "shopping centres" (with understanding of the synonym shopping mall) "shopping villages" or "retail parks". According to author Richard Longstreth, before the 1920s–1930s, the term "shopping center" in the U.S. was loosely applied to any group of adjacent retail businesses.
Del Amo Fashion Center is a three-level regional shopping mall in Torrance, California, United States. It is currently managed and co-owned by Simon Property Group . With a gross leasable area (GLA) of 2,519,601 sq ft (234,079 m 2 ), it is the sixth largest shopping mall in the United States. The mall features Nordstrom, Dick's Sporting Goods ...
Horton Plaza was a five-level outdoor shopping mall in downtown San Diego. It was designed by Jon Jerde and was known for its bright colors, architectural tricks, and odd spatial rhythms, occupying 6.5 city blocks adjacent to the city's historic Gaslamp Quarter. Opening in 1985, it was the first successful downtown retail center since the rise ...
Gruen transfer. In shopping mall design, the Gruen transfer (also known as the Gruen effect) is the moment when consumers enter a shopping mall or store and, surrounded by an intentionally confusing layout, lose track of their original intentions, making them more susceptible to making impulse buys. It is named after Austrian architect Victor ...
Arcade (architecture) An arcade is a succession of contiguous arches, with each arch supported by a colonnade of columns or piers. Exterior arcades are designed to provide a sheltered walkway for pedestrians; they include many loggias, but here arches are not an essential element. An arcade may feature arches on both sides of the walkway.