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The Government e Marketplace (or e-Marketplace) ( GeM) is an online platform for public procurement in India. [1] The initiative was launched on August 9, 2016, by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India with the objective to create an open and transparent procurement platform for government buyers. [2]
A bindi ( Hindi: बिंदी, from Sanskrit बिन्दु bindú meaning "point, drop, dot or small particle") known as pottu ( Tamil: பொட்டு) [1] [2] and teep ( Bengali: টিপ) is a coloured dot or, in modern times, a sticker worn on the center of the forehead, originally by Hindus, Jains and Buddhists from the Indian ...
Website. www .gia .edu. The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to ...
Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538 Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852 v
Navaratna ( Sanskrit: नवरत्न) is a Sanskrit compound word meaning "nine gems " or "ratnas". Jewellery created in this style has important cultural significance in many southern, and south-eastern Asian cultures as a symbol of wealth, and status, and is claimed to yield talismanic benefits towards health and well-being.
Kundan, meaning pure gold, [1] is a traditional form of Indian gemstone jewellery involving a gem set with a gold foil between the stones and its mount, usually for elaborate necklaces and other jewellery. [2] [3]
Etymology. Cintāmaṇi (Sanskrit; Devanagari: चिन्तामणि): 'Wish-Fulfilling Gem' (Tibetan: ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ, Wylie: yid bzhin norbu) The mani (jewel) is translated in Chinese ruyi or ruyizhu 如意珠 "as-one-wishes jewel" or ruyibaozhu 如意寶珠 "as-one-wishes precious jewel".
Kaustubha ( Sanskrit: कौस्तुभ, romanized : Kaustubha, lit. 'crest jewel') is a divine ruby or ratnam (gem) in Hindu mythology. [1] This gem is in the possession of Vishnu, granting him the epithet of Kaustubhadhari. It is believed in Hindu scriptures to be the most magnificent ratnam in all of creation, at the time of the churning ...