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Synthetic sapphire – single-crystal aluminum oxide (sapphire – Al 2 O 3) is a transparent ceramic. Transparent ceramics have recently acquired a high degree of interest and notoriety. Basic applications include lasers and cutting tools, transparent armor windows, night vision devices (NVD), and nose cones for heat seeking missiles.
Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, they occur in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha .
Ruspoli Sapphire: 136.9 carats (27.38 g) Stuart Sapphire: Sri Lanka 104 carats (20.8 g) Blue Tower of London: Bismarck Sapphire: Myanmar: 98.56 carats (19.712 g) Table Blue National Museum of Natural History, Washington James J. Hill Sapphire: 22.66 carats (4.532 g) Cornflower National Museum of Natural History, Washington
Corundum. Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide ( Al2O3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. [3] [4] It is a rock -forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. [7]
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Sapphire (color) The 423-carat (85 g) blue Logan Sapphire. Sapphire is a saturated shade of blue, referring to the gemstone of the same name. Sapphire gems most commonly occur in a range of blue shades, although they can come in many different colors. Other names for variations of the color sapphire are blue sapphire or sapphire blue, shown below.
Silicon on sapphire ( SOS) is a hetero-epitaxial process for metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing that consists of a thin layer (typically thinner than 0.6 µm) of silicon grown on a sapphire ( Al. 2O. 3) wafer. SOS is part of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) family of CMOS (complementary MOS) technologies.
The Millennium Sapphire is a blue sapphire discovered in 1995 in Madagascar, the natural dark–blue gem weighed 89,850 carats (nearly 40 pounds, or 17.97 kilograms).