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Occam's razor. In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements. It is also known as the principle of parsimony or the law of parsimony ( Latin: lex parsimoniae ).
Occam's razor: Explanations which require fewer unjustified assumptions are more likely to be correct; avoid unnecessary or improbable assumptions. Popper's falsifiability principle: For a theory to be considered scientific, it must be falsifiable. Sagan standard: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. See also
William of Ockham. William of Ockham or Occam OFM ( / ˈɒkəm / OK-əm; Latin: Gulielmus Occamus; [9] [10] c. 1287 – 10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and Catholic theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. [11]
Hanlon's razor. Hanlon's razor is an adage or rule of thumb that states: [1] Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity. It is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior. It is probably named after Robert J. Hanlon, who submitted the statement to Murphy's Law ...
Occam Learning is named after Occam's razor, which is a principle stating that, given all other things being equal, a shorter explanation for observed data should be favored over a lengthier explanation. The theory of Occam learning is a formal and mathematical justification for this principle.
Hickam's dictum. Hickam's dictum is a counterargument to the use of Occam's razor in the medical profession. [1] While Occam's razor suggests that the simplest explanation is the most likely, implying in medicine that diagnosticians should assume a single cause for multiple symptoms, one form of Hickam's dictum states: "A man can have as many ...
Carl Sagan, seen here with a model of Viking lander, popularized the aphorism. " Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence " (sometimes shortened to ECREE ), [1] also known as the Sagan standard, is an aphorism popularized by science communicator Carl Sagan. He used the phrase in his 1979 book Broca's Brain and the 1980 television ...
Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference is a mathematical theory of induction introduced by Ray Solomonoff, based on probability theory and theoretical computer science. [1] [2] [3] In essence, Solomonoff's induction derives the posterior probability of any computable theory, given a sequence of observed data.