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Biology. Zoology ( / zoʊˈɒlədʒi / zoh-OL-ə-jee) [note 1] is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one of the primary branches of biology.
Outline of zoology. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to zoology: Zoology – study of animals. Zoology, or "animal biology", is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the identification, structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals ...
1857–1881. Henri Milne-Edwards (French, 1800–1885) introduces the idea of physiologic division of labor and writes a treatise on comparative anatomy and physiology (1857–1881). Charles Darwin 's 1859 publication On the Origin of Species revolutionised zoology. 1859.
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This article considers the history of zoology since the theory of evolution by natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859. Charles Darwin gave new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution. The result was a reconstruction of the classification of animals upon ...
The history of zoology before Charles Darwin 's 1859 theory of evolution traces the organized study of the animal kingdom from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of zoology as a single coherent field arose much later, systematic study of zoology is seen in the works of Aristotle and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
Spine (zoology) In a zoological context, spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp, sometimes barbed tip.
Scale (zoology) Keeled scales of a colubrid snake ( banded water snake; Nerodia fasciata) In zoology, a scale ( Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized : lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal 's skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans ( butterflies and moths ), scales are plates on the surface of the ...