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Mental world. The mental world is an ontological category in metaphysics, populated by nonmaterial mental objects, without physical extension (though possibly with mental extension as in a visual field, or possibly not, as in an olfactory field) contrasted with the physical world of space and time populated with physical objects, or Plato 's ...
Descartes believed inputs were passed on by the sensory organs to the epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit. The simulation hypothesis proposes that what humans experience as the world is actually a simulated reality, such as a computer simulation in which humans themselves are constructs.
Cartesian circle. The Cartesian circle (also known as Arnauld 's circle [1]) is an example of fallacious circular reasoning attributed to French philosopher René Descartes. He argued that the existence of God is proven by reliable perception, which is itself guaranteed by God.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: The World (book)
Bacon's empiricism and Descartes' rationalist philosophy laid the foundation for enlightenment thinking. Descartes' attempt to construct the sciences on a secure metaphysical foundation was not as successful as his method of doubt applied in philosophic areas leading to a dualistic doctrine of mind and matter.
The "ghost in the machine" is a term originally used to describe and critique the concept of the mind existing alongside and separate from the body.In more recent times, the term has several uses, including the concept that the intellectual part of the human mind is influenced by emotions; and within fiction, for an emergent consciousness residing in a computer.
Leibniz. In Leibniz's works, the argument about the best of all possible worlds appears in the context of his theodicy, a word that he coined by combining the Greek words Theos, 'God', and dikē, 'justice'. [2] Its object was to solve the problem of evil, that is, to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering in the world with the existence ...
René Descartes. Mental substance, according to the idea held by dualists and idealists, is a non-physical substance of which minds are composed. This substance is often referred to as consciousness . This is opposed to the materialists, who hold that what we normally think of as mental substance is ultimately physical matter (i.e., brains).