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Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Identified in 1986, [1][2] activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Many other functions have been found to be exerted by activin, including roles in cell ...
INHBA. Inhibin, beta A, also known as INHBA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the INHBA gene. [5] INHBA is a subunit of both activin and inhibin, two closely related glycoproteins with opposing biological effects.
ACVR1B. Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1B gene. [5][6] ACVR1B or ALK-4 acts as a transducer of activin or activin-like ligands (e.g., inhibin) signals. Activin binds to either ACVR2A or ACVR2B and then forms a complex with ACVR1B.
Inhibin acts to inhibit activin, which is a peripherally produced hormone that positively stimulates GnRH-producing cells. Follistatin, which is also produced in all body tissue, inhibits activin and gives the rest of the body more control over the axis.
Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. [5][6] Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals.
The Activin type I receptors transduce signals for a variety of members of the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ligands. This family of cytokines and hormones include activin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and Nodal.
An Activin receptor is a receptor which binds activin. These proteins are receptor-type kinases of Ser/Thr type, which have a single transmembrane domain and a specific hydrophilic Cys-rich ligand-binding domain. [1][2][3] Types include: Activin type 1 receptors. Activin type 2 receptors.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, whose key roles are in growth differentiation and folliculogenesis. [ 5 ] In humans, it is encoded by the AMH gene, on chromosome 19p 13.3, [ 6 ] while its receptor is encoded by the AMHR2 ...