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The Terrapin attack is a cryptographic attack on the commonly used SSH protocol that is used for secure command-and-control throughout the Internet. The Terrapin attack can reduce the security of SSH by using a downgrade attack via man-in-the-middle interception. [1] [2] [3] The attack works by prefix truncation; the injection and deletion of ...
e. The Secure Shell Protocol ( SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. [1] Its most notable applications are remote login and command-line execution. SSH was designed for Unix-like operating systems as a replacement for Telnet and unsecured remote Unix shell protocols, such as ...
xz / liblzma library. Website. tukaani .org /xz-backdoor /. On 29 March 2024, software developer Andres Freund reported that he had found a maliciously introduced backdoor in the Linux utility xz within the liblzma library in versions 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 released by an account using the name "Jia Tan" [b] in February 2024.
Heartbleed is a security bug in some outdated versions of the OpenSSL cryptography library, which is a widely used implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. It was introduced into the software in 2012 and publicly disclosed in April 2014. Heartbleed could be exploited regardless of whether the vulnerable OpenSSL instance is ...
The vulnerability can be tested with the following command: env x = '() { :;}; echo vulnerable' bash -c "echo this is a test" In systems affected by the vulnerability, the above commands will display the word "vulnerable" as a result of Bash executing the command "echo vulnerable" , which was embedded into the specially crafted environment ...
OpenSSH or OpenBSD Secure Shell. OpenSSH (also known as OpenBSD Secure Shell [a]) is a suite of secure networking utilities based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, which provides a secure channel over an unsecured network in a client–server architecture. [4] [5]
SHA-2 ( Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
Transport Layer Security ( TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. The TLS protocol aims primarily to provide security ...