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  2. Victor Gruen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gruen

    Architect. Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum[1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [2] He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for Fort ...

  3. Shopping mall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

    The International Council of Shopping Centers, based in New York City, classifies two types of shopping centers as malls: regional malls and superregional malls.A regional mall, per the International Council of Shopping Centers, is a shopping mall with 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m 2) to 800,000 sq ft (74,000 m 2) gross leasable area with at least two anchor stores. [8]

  4. Gruen transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruen_transfer

    Description. The Gruen transfer is a psychological phenomenon in which an idealised hyperreality is realized by deliberate reconstruction, providing a sense of safety and calm through exceptional familiarity. [1][2][4] In a speech in London in 1978, Victor Gruen disavowed shopping mall developments as having "bastardised" his ideas: [5][3] "I ...

  5. Valley View Center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_View_Center

    Valley View Center is a former mall located at Interstate 635 and Preston Road in north Dallas, Texas, U.S. [4] It is owned and managed by Dallas-based Beck Ventures. The mall was formerly home to anchor stores that were once JCPenney, Macy's, Sears, and Dillard's. The demolition of the mall was completed in May 2023.

  6. Kalamazoo Mall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamazoo_Mall

    Kalamazoo Mall. The Kalamazoo Mall, the first outdoor pedestrian shopping mall in the United States, is a section of Burdick Street in downtown Kalamazoo, Michigan. Built for $60,000 and opened in 1959, the pedestrian mall became the first of several hundred built in the United States. The bold effort to make a downtown street car-free as a ...

  7. Shopping center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_center

    Starting in 1946, larger, open air centers anchored by department stores were built (sometimes as a collection of adjacent retail properties with different owners), then enclosed shopping malls starting with Victor Gruen 's Southdale Center near Minneapolis in 1956. A shopping mall is a type of shopping center, a North American term originally ...

  8. Mercato Shopping Mall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercato_Shopping_Mall

    Mercato Shopping Mall is a shopping centre in the Jumeirah area of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The mall is designed to look like a Mediterranean town during the European Renaissance in Italy. Opening in 2002, [3] the name "mercato" comes from the Italian word meaning "market." The mall has a gross leasable area of 22,900 m 2 (247,000 sq ft ...

  9. NorthPark Center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NorthPark_Center

    Website. www.northparkcenter.com. NorthPark Center, sometimes referred to as simply NorthPark, is an enclosed shopping mall in Dallas, Texas (United States). It is at the intersection of Loop 12 (Northwest Highway) and US 75 (North Central Expressway). Opened in 1965, it now has over 235 stores and restaurants and annual sales of over $1 billion.