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Oral administration of a liquid. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration.
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications. Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal ( / ˈbʌkəl /) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa ( tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream. Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of ...
Onset of action is the duration of time it takes for a drug 's effects to come to prominence upon administration. With oral administration, it typically ranges anywhere from 20 minutes to over an hour, depending on the drug in question. Other methods of ingestion such as smoking or injection can take as little as seconds to minutes to take effect.
Absorption (pharmacology) Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. [1] [2] The drug travels by some route of administration ( oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution ). [3] Absorption by some other routes, such as intravenous ...
Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, manufacturing techniques, storage systems, and technologies involved in transporting a pharmaceutical compound to its target site to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. [1] [2] Principles related to drug preparation, route of administration, site-specific targeting, metabolism, and toxicity ...
Therapeutic peptides and proteins. A relatively new way of administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins (such as cytokines, domain antibodies, Fab fragments or single chain antibodies) is sublingual administration. Peptides and proteins are not stable in the gastro-intestinal tract, mainly due to degradation by enzymes and pH differences.
Intraperitoneal injection or IP injection is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity). It is more often applied to non-human animals than to humans. In general, it is preferred when large amounts of blood replacement fluids are needed or when low blood pressure or other problems prevent the use of a suitable blood vessel ...