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The Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the more general theorem relating the lengths of sides in any triangle, the law of cosines, which states that. where is the angle between sides and . [45] When is radians or 90°, then , and the formula reduces to the usual Pythagorean theorem.
The Pythagorean trigonometric identity, also called simply the Pythagorean identity, is an identity expressing the Pythagorean theorem in terms of trigonometric functions. Along with the sum-of-angles formulae, it is one of the basic relations between the sine and cosine functions. The identity is. As usual, means .
In geometry, the inverse Pythagorean theorem (also known as the reciprocal Pythagorean theorem [1] or the upside down Pythagorean theorem [2]) is as follows: [3] Let A, B be the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle ABC. Let D be the foot of a perpendicular dropped from C, the vertex of the right angle, to the hypotenuse.
Euclidean distance. In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of the line segment between them. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, and therefore is occasionally called the Pythagorean distance . These names come from the ancient Greek ...
A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a2 + b2 = c2. Such a triple is commonly written (a, b, c), a well-known example is (3, 4, 5). If (a, b, c) is a Pythagorean triple, then so is (ka, kb, kc) for any positive integer k. A triangle whose side lengths are a Pythagorean triple is a right triangle and ...
The Pythagorean theorem was known and used by the Babylonians and Indians centuries before Pythagoras, but he may have been the first to introduce it to the Greeks. [226] [224] Some historians of mathematics have even suggested that he—or his students—may have constructed the first proof . [227]
Hypotenuse. In geometry, a hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle. [1] It is the longest side of any such triangle. The length of the hypotenuse can be found using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides.
A triangle with sides a, b, and c. In geometry, Heron's formula (or Hero's formula) gives the area of a triangle in terms of the three side lengths Letting be the semiperimeter of the triangle, the area is [1] It is named after first-century engineer Heron of Alexandria (or Hero) who proved it in his work Metrica, though it was probably known ...