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  2. Thought experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_experiment

    A thought experiment is a device with which one performs an intentional, structured process of intellectual deliberation in order to speculate, within a specifiable problem domain, about potential consequents (or antecedents) for a designated antecedent (or consequent). [14]

  3. Einstein's thought experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein's_thought_experiments

    Einstein's thought experiments. A hallmark of Albert Einstein 's career was his use of visualized thought experiments ( German: Gedankenexperiment [1]) as a fundamental tool for understanding physical issues and for elucidating his concepts to others. Einstein's thought experiments took diverse forms. In his youth, he mentally chased beams of ...

  4. Ship of Theseus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus

    Ship of Theseus. The Ship of Theseus, also known as Theseus's Paradox, is a thought experiment and paradox about whether an object is the same object after having had all of its original components replaced over time, typically one after the other. In Greek mythology, Theseus, mythical king and founder of the city Athens, rescued the children ...

  5. Schrödinger's cat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger's_cat

    In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, of quantum superposition. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat may be considered simultaneously both alive and dead, while it is unobserved in a closed box, as a result of its fate being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may ...

  6. Utility monster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_monster

    The thought experiment. A hypothetical being, which Nozick calls the utility monster, receives much more utility from each unit of a resource that it consumes than anyone else does. For instance, eating a cookie might bring only one unit of pleasure to an ordinary person but could bring 100 units of pleasure to a utility monster. If the utility ...

  7. Wax argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_argument

    t. e. The wax argument or the sheet of wax example is a thought experiment that René Descartes created in the second of his Meditations on First Philosophy. He devised it to analyze what properties are essential for bodies, show how uncertain our knowledge of the world is compared to our knowledge of our minds, and argue for rationalism. [1] [2]

  8. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen...

    Scientists. v. t. e. Albert Einstein. The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen ( EPR) paradox is a thought experiment proposed by physicists Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen which argues that the description of physical reality provided by quantum mechanics is incomplete. [1] In a 1935 paper titled "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of ...

  9. Knowledge argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_argument

    Knowledge argument. The knowledge argument (also known as Mary's Room or Mary the super-scientist) is a philosophical thought experiment proposed by Frank Jackson in his article "Epiphenomenal Qualia " (1982) and extended in "What Mary Didn't Know" (1986). The experiment describes Mary, a scientist who exists in a black-and-white world where ...