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Cydonia ( / sɪˈdoʊniə /, / saɪˈdoʊniə /) is a region on the planet Mars that has attracted both scientific [1] and popular interest. [2] [3] The name originally referred to the albedo feature (distinctively coloured area) that was visible from earthbound telescopes. The area borders the plains of Acidalia Planitia and the highlands of ...
Mariner 9. Valles Marineris ( / ˈvælɪs mærɪˈnɛərɪs /; [1] Latin for Mariner Valleys, named after the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. [2] At more than 4,000 km (2,500 mi) long, 200 km (120 mi) wide and up to 7 km (23,000 ft ...
The geological history of Mars follows the physical evolution of Mars as substantiated by observations, indirect and direct measurements, and various inference techniques. Methods dating back to 17th-century techniques developed by Nicholas Steno, including the so-called law of superposition and stratigraphy, used to estimate the geological ...
Olympus Mons is the youngest and tallest large volcano on Mars. It is located 1200 km northwest of the Tharsis Montes, just off the western edge of the Tharsis bulge. Its summit is 21 km above datum (Mars "sea" level) and has a central caldera complex consisting of six nested calderas that together form a depression 72 x 91 km wide and 3.2 km deep.
Climate of Mars. Mars' cloudy sky as seen by Perseverance rover in 2023, sol 738. The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope .
On October 13, 1590, the German astronomer Michael Maestlin observed an occultation of Mars by Venus. [24] One of his students, Johannes Kepler, quickly became an adherent to the Copernican system. After the completion of his education, Kepler became an assistant to the Danish nobleman and astronomer, Tycho Brahe.
Hellas Planitia / ˈhɛləs pləˈnɪʃiə / is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas [a] located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. [3] Hellas is the third- or fourth-largest known impact crater in the Solar System. The basin floor is about 7,152 m (23,465 ft) deep, 3,000 m (9,800 ft) deeper than the ...
Tholus — small dome-shaped mountain or hill. plural tholi — group of (usually not contiguous) small mountains. Dorsum — long low range. Name type not present on Mars. plural dorsa. Patera — dish-shaped depressions on volcano peaks; not very high compared to diameter. plural paterae.