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Depending on the antibody present in the human serum and the localisation of the antigen in the cell, distinct patterns of fluorescence will be seen on the HEp-2 cells. [51] [52] Levels of antibodies are analysed by performing dilutions on blood serum. An ANA test is considered positive if fluorescence is seen at a titre of 1:40/1:80.
HEp-2 cells provide a greater ability to differentiate patterns of ANA than animal sections, due to the large nuclei and high mitotic rate of the cell line. Upon incubation with serum containing anti-dsDNA antibodies and fluorescent labelled secondary antibodies, homogeneous staining of interphase nuclei and condensed chromosomal staining of ...
The MARA Technological University (Malay: Universiti Teknologi MARA; Jawi: اونيۏرسيتي تيكنولوڬي مارا; abbr. UiTM) [7] is a public university in Malaysia, based primarily in Shah Alam, Selangor. It was established to help rural Malays in 1956 as the RIDA (Rural & Industrial Development Authority) Training Centre (Malay ...
Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the liver to be inflamed. Common initial symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, muscle aches, or weight loss ...
Infectious disease. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC or EAggEC) are a pathotype of Escherichia coli which cause acute and chronic diarrhea in both the developed and developing world. [1][2] They may also cause urinary tract infections. [2] EAEC are defined by their "stacked-brick" pattern of adhesion to the human laryngeal epithelial ...
Seroconversion. In immunology, seroconversion is the development of specific antibodies in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization, including vaccination. [1][2] During infection or immunization, antigens enter the blood, and the immune system begins to produce antibodies in response.
FibroTest. FibroTest, known as FibroSure in the US, is a biomarker test that uses the results of six blood serum tests to generate a score that is correlated with the degree of liver damage in people with a variety of liver diseases. FibroTest has the same prognostic value as a liver biopsy. FibroSure uses quantitative results of five serum ...
Kedah (Malay pronunciation: [kəˈdah]), [5] also known by its honorific Darul Aman and historically as Queda, [6] is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km 2, and consists of a mainland portion and the Langkawi islands.