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Descartes is often regarded as the first thinker to emphasize the use of reason to develop the natural sciences. [4] For him, philosophy was a thinking system that embodied all knowledge, as he related in a letter to a French translator: [5]
The other definition refers to human nature. [2] In the 14th and 15th centuries, natural philosophy was one of many branches of philosophy, but was not a specialized field of study. The first person appointed as a specialist in Natural Philosophy per se was Jacopo Zabarella, at the University of Padua in 1577.
The trademark argument [1] is an a priori argument for the existence of God developed by the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes.The name derives from the fact that the idea of God existing in each person "is the trademark, hallmark or stamp of their divine creator".
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
In the first part of his work, Descartes ponders the relationship between the thinking substance and the body. For Descartes, the only link between these two substances is the pineal gland (art. 31), the place where the soul is attached to the body. The passions that Descartes studies are in reality the actions of the body on the soul (art. 25).
Étienne Henri Gilson (French:; 13 June 1884 – 19 September 1978) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy.A scholar of medieval philosophy, he originally specialised in the thought of Descartes; he also philosophized in the tradition of Thomas Aquinas, although he did not consider himself a neo-Thomist philosopher.
Sir Isaac Newton FRS (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27 [a]) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. [7]
Proposals that one type of animal, even humans, could descend from other types of animals, are known to go back to the pre-Socratic Greek philosophers. Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610 – c. 546 BC) proposed that the first animals lived in water, during a wet phase of the Earth's past, and that the first land-dwelling ancestors of mankind must have been born in water, and only spent part of ...