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  2. X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray

    X-rays (or much less commonly, X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. In many languages, it is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered it in 1895 [1] and named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation.

  3. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of ...

  4. Radiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiology

    A radiologist interpreting magnetic resonance imaging. Dr. Macintyre's X-Ray Film (1896) Radiology ( / ˌreɪdɪˈɒlədʒi / rey-dee-ol-uh-jee) is the medical specialty that uses medical imaging to diagnose diseases and guide their treatment, within the bodies of humans and other animals. It began with radiography (which is why its name has a ...

  5. Cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

    Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. Cell biology is the study of the structural and functional units of cells. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and ...

  6. Biophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophysics

    e. Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. [1] [2] [3] Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular biology ...

  7. Molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology

    v. t. e. Molecular biology / məˈlɛkjʊlər / is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. [1] [2] [3]

  8. Electric ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_ray

    Hypnidae. Torpedinidae. The electric rays are a group of rays, flattened cartilaginous fish with enlarged pectoral fins, composing the order Torpediniformes / tɔːrˈpɛdɪnɪfɔːrmiːz /. They are known for being capable of producing an electric discharge, ranging from 8 to 220 volts, depending on species, used to stun prey and for defense. [2]

  9. Radiobiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiobiology

    Radiobiology. Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living things, in particular health effects of radiation. Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things ...