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Software architecture is the set of structures needed to reason about a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations. [1] [2] The architecture of a software system is a metaphor, analogous to the ...
A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important.
The integrated circuit is an essential invention to produce modern software systems. [3]The first use of the word software is credited to mathematician John Wilder Tukey in 1958. [4]
Examples include enterprise resource planning systems, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, data replication engines, and supply chain management software. Departmental Software is a sub-type of enterprise software with a focus on smaller organizations or groups within a large organization.
To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or other software resources to be present on a computer. [1] These prerequisites are known as (computer) system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule. Most software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended.
A theoretical example of such a system is the Universe. Process and transformation process ... an information system is a hardware system, software system, ...
Commonly proposed descriptions—not necessarily definitions—of systems of systems, [2] are outlined below in order of their appearance in the literature: Linking systems into joint system of systems allows for the interoperability and synergism of Command, Control, Computers, Communications and Information (C4I) and Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems: [3 ...
An expert system is an example of a knowledge-based system. Expert systems were the first commercial systems to use a knowledge-based architecture. In general view, an expert system includes the following components: a knowledge base, an inference engine, an explanation facility, a knowledge acquisition facility, and a user interface. [48] [49]