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The history of science and technology ( HST) is a field of history that examines the understanding of the natural world (science) and the ability to manipulate it ( technology) at different points in time. This academic discipline also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of and contexts for scientific practices.
The history of science is often seen as a linear story of progress but historians have come to see the story as more complex. Alfred Edward Taylor has characterised lean periods in the advance of scientific discovery as "periodical bankruptcies of science". Science is a human activity, and scientific contributions have come from people from a ...
From 1975, science and technology was one of the Four Modernizations, and its high-speed development was declared essential to all national economic development by Deng Xiaoping. Other civilian technologies such as superconductivity and high-yield hybrid rice led to new developments due to the application of science to industry and foreign ...
Sub-Saharan African countries spent on average 0.3% of their GDP on S&T (Science and Technology) in 2007. This represents a combined increase from US$1.8bn in 2002 to US$2.8bn in 2007. North African countries spend a comparative 0.4% of GDP on research, an increase from US$2.6bn in 2002 to US$3.3bn in 2007.
Our Science and Technology Heritage gallery for the National Science Centre in Delhi; A brief introduction to technological brilliance of Ancient India (Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage) Science and Technology in Ancient India Archived 2015-05-01 at the Wayback Machine; India: Science and technology, U.S. Library of Congress.
Engineering and technology First flight of the Wright Flyer I, December 17, 1903, Orville piloting, Wilbur running at wingtip. One of the prominent traits of the 20th century was the dramatic growth of technology. Organized research and practice of science led to advancement in the fields of communication, engineering, travel, medicine, and war.
The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques by humans. Technology includes methods ranging from as simple as stone tools to the complex genetic engineering and information technology that has emerged since the 1980s. The term technology comes from the Greek word techne, meaning art and craft, and the word ...
A communications artifact (Rugby Aerial Tuning Inductor) at the Science Museum, London, UK. Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.